Unpaid care work and the gender dividend in El Salvador

Werner Peña, Adriana Vides, María Elena Rivera, 2020. “Trabajo productivo no remunerado y dividendo de género en El Salvador”. Notas de Población, 109. January 2020. In Spanish.

ABSTRACT:

This article uses National Transfer Accounts (NTAs) and National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTAs) to highlight the contribution made to the economy by unpaid productive work, and to show how this relates to the gender dividend in El Salvador. As NTAs do not record unpaid domestic work or care activities, they underestimate the economic contributions made by those who mostly perform these tasks, namely women. To remedy this omission, NTTAs are used to estimate the production, consumption and time transfer of unpaid production and care work. A hypothetical scenario is configured to estimate the gender dividend that would be obtained from an increase in women’s labour market participation, which would enable El Salvador to exploit the demographic dividend more effectively. It is recommended that ways be found to meet the demand for care resulting from such a scenario.

Happy New Year Data from CWW, January, 2020!

To ring in the New Year, Counting Women’s Work has released estimates from four more countries: Mexico, India, Vietnam, and Mauritius. The six previously released countries (Colombia, Ghana, Senegal, South Africa, United States, and Uruguay) are included with the new releases in a complete ten-country datafile. Please go to https://www.countingwomenswork.org/data to get the new and improved file.

We hope to release more countries in the coming months.

KIHASA-EWC Conference, December 3, 2019, Seoul, Korea

Members of the Counting Women’s Work and National Transfer Accounts projects presented research at a joint conference in Seoul, hosted by the Korea Institute of Health and Social Welfare (KIHASA) of Korea and the East-West Center (EWC) of the United States.

The theme of the one-day conference is “Challenges and Policy Responses to Population Aging.” Gretchen Donehower, the principal investigator of CWW will speak on unpaid care work, while members of NTA teams from the United States, Korea, Japan, and Spain will discuss what NTA estimates tell us about how aging will impact productivity, consumption, public and private transfer systems, and economic growth, and what policies are available to maximize desirable outcomes.

Web links:

KIHASA: https://www.kihasa.re.kr/english/main.do

EWC: https://www.eastwestcenter.org

NTA: http://www.ntaccounts.org

Donehower draft working paper

African Population Conference November 18-22, Entebbe, Uganda

Researchers affiliated with Counting Women's Work and the National Transfer Accounts projects will be presenting research at the 8th annual conference of the Union of African Population Scientists in Entebbe, Uganda. Some of the presentations are listed below, from the preliminary program. Please see the conference website for final details: http://8apc2019.org/home/

event banner from http://8apc2019.org/home/

Session: Monday, November 18 / Lundi, 18 Novembre 4:00 PM - 5:30 PM, Theatre Hall - Ground Floor, First DD and Prospects for the Second DD in Africa • Vieillissement et deuxième dividende démographique

Paper: Déficit du cycle de vie et capture du dividende démographique en Afrique Subsaharienne : Nécessité d’une autonomisation des femmes sénégalaises • Lesfran Sam Wanilo Agbahoungba, LAREG (Université de Parakou) & CREG (Sénégal); Latif Dramani*, CREG-CREFAT; Edem Akpo, CREG-CREFAT

Session: Tuesday, November 19 / Mardi, 19 Novembre 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM, Kyoga Hall - Ground Floor, Role of Gender in Accelerating the Demographic Dividend • Rôle du genre dans l'accélération du dividende démographique

Paper: Capital humain et Capture du dividende démographique au Sénégal : Une approche genre • Edmée Marthe Y. Ndoye*, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar; Latif Dramani, CREG-CREFAT

Paper: Adding Unpaid Care Work into the Analysis of Demographic Dividends • Gretchen Donehower*, University of California, Berkeley

Session: Tuesday, November 19 / Mardi, 19 Novembre 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM, Kuku Hall - First Floor, African Models for The Demographic Dividend – Practical Interventions, Lessons and Policy Options • Modèles africains pour le dividende démographique - Interventions pratiques, leçons et options politiques

Paper: Understanding the Demographic Dividend in Ghana, Sierra Leone and the Gambia: A Prospect or Missed Opportunity? • Stephen O. Kwankye*, University of Ghana; Eric Arthur, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST); Faustina Frempong-Ainguah, Regional Institute for Population Studies/University of Ghana; Eugenia Amporfu, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi

Session: Wednesday, November 20 / Mercredi, 20 Novembre 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM, Executive Room - Ground FloorGender Dividend • Le dividende du genre

Paper: Demographic Dynamics, Gender Dividends and the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals: Evidence from Nigeria • Olanrewaju Olaniyan*, University of Ibadan; Noah Olasehinde, University of Ibadan; Osaretin Adonri, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); Andat Dasogot, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

Session: Thursday, November 21 / Jeudi, 21 Novembre 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM, Executive Room - Ground Floor, Education, Employment and Transformation of Gender Relations • Education, Emploi et Transformation Des Rapports De Genre Au Sein Des Ménages

Paper: Travaux domestiques et inégalités genre dans l’éducation dans les pays en développement d’Afrique Subsaharienne: cas du Sénégal • Lesfran Sam Wanilo Agbahoungba*, LAREG (Université de Parakou) & CREG (Sénégal); Latif Dramani, CREG-CREFAT; Edem Akpo, CREG-CREFAT

Session: Friday, November 22 / Vendredi, 22 Novembre 11:00 AM - 12:30 PM, Elgon Hall - Ground Floor, The Use of Demographic Intelligence to Influence Development Policies • L'utilisation de l'intelligence démographique pour influencer les politiques de développement

Paper: National Transfer and Demographic Dividend: Application in West and Central Africa • Latif Dramani*, CREG-CREFAT; Edouard Talnan, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

Paper: Demographic Dividend Monitoring in West and Central Africa • Edem Akpo*, CREG-CREFAT

CWW Care Work Projection Template at CWE-GAM Meeting

Gretchen Donehower, PI of CWW, participated in the 2019 annual meeting of the Care Work and the Economy Project (CWE-GAM) in Glasgow, Scotland on June 30 - July 2, 2019.

Donehower has been collaborating with CWE-GAM researchers to create a template for projecting the care economy. This involves a synthesis of both paid and unpaid care work for both children and elders, and estimating the age- and sex-specific nature of the production and consumption of care. The data needs are intensive - requiring a time use survey to estimate dynamics in the unpaid care work sector, and income and expenditure surveys to estimate dynamics in the paid care work sector.

Donehower presented presents a preliminary model which projects care support ratios for the United States through 2030. Slides from the meeting are available here. Work is ongoing to apply the model to data available in South Korea, and modify that output based on feedback from the meeting.

Click below to learn more at the project website:

The Quantity‐Quality Tradeoff: A Cross‐Country Comparison of Market and Nonmarket Investments per Child in Relation to Fertility

Vargha, L. and Donehower, G. (2019), The Quantity‐Quality Tradeoff: A Cross‐Country Comparison of Market and Nonmarket Investments per Child in Relation to Fertility. Population and Development Review, 45: 321-350. doi:10.1111/padr.12245

ABSTRACT:

The aim of this article is to show how various investments in children are related to fertility in a cross-national comparative context. We consider “child quality” as produced not only by market goods and services, but by inputs of unpaid care time as well. We integrate market investments in children with the imputed value of unpaid time devoted to childcare and other household services. Our measures are based on National Transfer Accounts (NTA) that disaggregate national accounts by age, extended by National Time Transfer Accounts (NTTA), which estimate the same quantities for nonmarket household production activities using time-use surveys and imputed wages. We find that: (1) unpaid care time represents a large portion of total investments in children; (2) there is a significant negative association between fertility and investments per child; and (3) incorporating unpaid care time into the analysis makes theorized relationships between quantity and quality of children more robust.