Counting Women's Work 5/31/17 Counting Women's Work 5/31/17

CWW Country Report, Vietnam

The third CWW Country Report features results from Vietnam.

CWW country reports provide an overview of the estimates for that country. These include age profiles of market labor income and consumption by sex from National Transfer Accounts. To include unpaid care work, consumption and production from National Time Transfer Accounts are included as well. The third country report published is from Vietnam. Please click the link below to view the report.

Counting Women's Work 5/17/17 Counting Women's Work 5/17/17

Infographic, Vietnam

CWW infographics summarize the market-based and unpaid care work economy in a country. This post shows the infographic for Vietnam.

Counting Women’s Work estimates of the market and unpaid care work economies can be summarized with a series of statistics. CWW produces infographics to show these results. Infographics are available with a dark or light background. The infographic for Vietnam is shown below.

All infographics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Counting Women's Work 4/25/17 Counting Women's Work 4/25/17

Counting unpaid work in Kenya: Gender and age profiles of hours worked and imputed wage incomes

The CWW Kenya research team has published “Counting unpaid work in Kenya: Gender and age profiles of hours worked and imputed wage incomes.” in the Journal of the Economics of Ageing.

Muriithi, M., Mutegi, R., and Mwabu, G. 2017 “Counting unpaid work in Kenya: Gender and age profiles of hours worked and imputed wage incomes.” The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, in press.

ABSTRACT:

The paper first presents profiles of unpaid work by age and gender before turning to profiles of their monetary values. We value unpaid work using a novel data set on hourly wages from the Kenya Gazette on salaries of workers covered by minimum wages mandated by the Government in 2015 (Republic of Kenya, 2015).

We count unpaid work performed by men and women at home, on the farm, and within household enterprises. In particular, focus is on unpaid work that is also typically performed away from home, such as child care. We value unpaid work using the delegation or third party criterion (Reid, 1934; Donehower, 2014).

We find that men work longer hours in household enterprises and earn more than women, but the reverse is true on the farm. The imputed wage incomes from unpaid work on the farm vary by gender and age over the life course, with men’s imputed wage-income profiles dominating women’s at older ages. General policy implications of the findings are briefly discussed.

Counting Women's Work 3/31/17 Counting Women's Work 3/31/17

Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries

A group of European researchers have used CWW methodology to produce the article “Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries“ published in the journal Demographic Research.

Vargha, L., Gál, R., and Crosby-Nagy, M., 2017. “Household production and consumption over the life cycle: National Time Transfer Accounts in 14 European countries” Demographic Research, 36: 905-944. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.32

ABSTRACT:

Background: While the importance of unpaid household labour is recognised in total economic output, little is known about the demographics of household production and consumption.

Objective: Our goal is to give a comprehensive estimation on the value of household production and its consumption by age and gender and analyse nonmarket economic transfers in 14 European countries based on publicly available harmonised data.

Methods: We introduce a novel imputation method of harmonised European time use (HETUS) data to the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) in order to assign time spent on home production to consumers in households and estimate time transfers. Moreover, monetary values are attributed to household production activities using data on earnings from the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES).

Results: We show that the nonmarket economic life cycle of men differs from that of women. The gender gap in household production is not evenly distributed over the life cycle. Women of working age contribute the most in net terms, while the main beneficiaries of household goods and services are children and to a lesser extent adult men. These patterns are similar across countries, with variations in the gender- and age-specific levels of home production and consumption.

Conclusions: In Europe, in the national economy, intergenerational flows are important in sustaining both childhood and old age. In contrast, in the household economy, intergenerational transfers flow mostly towards children.

Contribution: We add a new focus to the research on household production: While keeping the gender aspect, we demonstrate the importance of the life cycle component in household production.

Counting Women's Work 12/1/16 Counting Women's Work 12/1/16

Infographic, Spain

CWW infographics summarize the market-based and unpaid care work economy in a country. This post shows the infographic for Spain.

All infographics are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Counting Women's Work 10/31/16 Counting Women's Work 10/31/16

CWW Country Report, India

The second CWW Country Report features results from India.

CWW country reports provide an overview of the estimates for that country. These include age profiles of market consumption and labor income by sex from National Transfer Accounts. To include unpaid care work, consumption and production from National Time Transfer Accounts are included as well. The second country report published is from India. Please click the link below to view the report.